金曜日, 8月 09, 2013
戦争の廃絶と国家主権の制限(ラッセル=アインシュタイン宣言の精神)
バートランド・ラッセルのポータルサイトのトップページの「ラッセルの言葉」を更新しました。
「核戦争の危険を除去するためには,戦争の廃絶をしなければならない。そのためには,「交戦権」という国家主権を制限し,世界連邦政府を樹立する以外にない」というのがラッセル及びアインシュタインの信念でした。それは,ラッセル=アインシュタイン宣言の精神でもあり,宣言に明確に書かれています。しかし日本では,集団的自衛権を機能・保障させることを目的に,交戦権を認めるように憲法改正をしようとする動きが強まっており,その考え方を国民に浸透させるための愛国心教育や歴史教育が強調され・・・。
http://russell-j.com/index.htm
土曜日, 6月 22, 2013
編集後記(バートランド・ラッセルに関するメルマガn.332)
http://archive.mag2.com/0000220241/20130622091753000.htm
から転載
今回「R落穂拾い-中級篇」でご紹介した),ハーバート・A・サイモン(著)『学者
人生のモデル』に収められているサイモンのラッセル宛の手紙は、『拝啓バートラ
ンド・ラッセル様ー市民との往復書簡集,宗教からセックスまで』(講談社,1970)に
も,「プリンキピア・マテマティカ対コンピュータ」と見出しがつけられて収録され
ています。
http://russell-j.com/beginner/DBR-INFO.HTM
「プリンキピア・マテマティカ」のなかのある定理をコンピュータ(「ロジック
セオリスト」というプログラム=人口知能)は,「その証明(法)をみつけるのに5分
もかかりませんでした。」ということで,サイモンは,これらの事実を,「生徒に知ら
せるべきかどうか私にはよくわかりません。」とおどけてみせ,すぐに「あなたはま
た,博識な人間と賢者とは,必ずしも同一ではないということを示している我々のこの
論文の証拠に興味をもたれることと思います。」としっかりフォローしています。
これに対しラッセルも,「(あなたの)コンピュータのほうがホワイトヘッドや私よ
りも優れているという実例を示してくださり,うれしく思います。」と論文を送って
くれたことに感謝しつつ,「コンピュータのほうが生徒よりずっと立派に計算できる
ということを彼らが知ったら,生徒たちが計算の仕方を学ぶことをどうして期待でき
るでしょうか。」とうまく返しています。
また,あわせてこのロジック・セオリストの成果をラッセル以外の有名な論理学者
に知らせたところ,人工知能(コンピュータ・プログラム)の重要性,将来性,発展性
に想いをいたすことができずに冷たい反応をしめしたことにサイモンは失望し,それ
も「博識な人間と賢者とは,必ずしも同一ではない」という格言を支持する別の具体
例であると揶揄しています。
「新しく起こりつつある学問に対する理解力・想像力」は,各分野のトップランナ
ーであっても(いやその分野の研究に自信のあるトップランナーであるからこそ?)
それほどない場合が多いという,歴史的教訓とも言えるかも知れません。
原子力を研究している様々な科学者がいますが,特に原発関係者は新エネルギーに
対する原発の優位性を過大に評価している(また再生可能エネルギーの研究・開発に
は時間がかなりかかると考えて引き続き自分たちの勢力を保とうとする)人が多いよ
うに思われます。
ラッセルの言葉(1958年8月8日にBBCでの発言)から一つ。
「科学が教会の迫害を受けた時代の科学者達は寛大で進歩的であった。(これに
対し)現代にあっては、科学者は名誉に包まれ、広く尊敬を受けており、彼ら
は通常'体制擁護'に回りがちである。」
In the days when science was persecuted by the Church, men of science were
liberal and progressive; nowadays, when they ae covered with honours and
universally respected, they tend to be supports of the satus quo.
(松下彰良)
日曜日, 9月 18, 2011
さん・だんぢめ Sand & Gem: ラッセルの幸福論を憶い出した午後
さん・だんぢめ Sand & Gem: ラッセルの幸福論を憶い出した午後: 世の中は3連休らしい。僕らの仕事はカレンダー通りで今日は半ドン。お隣の 「やぶ茂」 さんで昼ご飯を食べてから、午後はオフィスに籠って、しこしこと8月上旬から溜まりに溜まったペーパーワークをする事にした。先送り&「何とかなるでしょ」的逃避行動で無理矢理無視していたけれど、さすがに切...
月曜日, 9月 20, 2010
ラッセル:格言・名言(n.023)
Of all the characteristics of ordinary human nature envy is the most unfortunate; not only does the envious person wish to inflict misfortune and do so whenever he can with impunity, but he is also himself rendered unhappy by envy. Instead of deriving pleasure from what he has, he derives pain from what others have.
http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA16-030.HTM
金曜日, 8月 27, 2010
ラッセル格言・名言(n022)
| |
http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA15-080.HTM
A very frequent source of fatigue is love of excitement. If a man could spend his leisure in sleep, he would keep fit, but his working hours are dreary, and he feels the need of pleasure during his hours of freedom. The trouble is that the pleasures which are easiest to obtain and most superficially attractive are mostly of a sort to wear out the nerves.
水曜日, 8月 25, 2010
ラッセル格言・名言(n021.)
http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA15-050.HTM
When some misfortune threatens, consider seriously and deliberately what is the very worst that could possibly happen. Having looked this possible misfortune in the face, give yourself sound reasons for thinking that after all it would be no such very terrible disaster. Such reasons always exist, since at the worst nothing that happens to oneself has any cosmic importance. When you have looked for some time steadily at the worst possibility and have said to yourself with real conviction, 'Well, after all, that would not matter so very much', you will find that your worry diminishes to a quite extraordinary extent.
火曜日, 8月 24, 2010
ラッセル格言・名言(n.020)
http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA15-050.HTM
I have found, for example, that if I have to write upon some rather difficult topic the best plan is to think about it with very great intensity - the greatest intensity of which I am capable - for a few hours or days, and at the end of that time give orders, so to speak, that the work is to proceed underground. After some months I return consciously to the topic and find that the work has been done.
月曜日, 8月 23, 2010
ラッセル格言・名言(n.019)
http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA15-040.HTM
The trouble with emotional fatigue is that it interferes with rest. The more tired a man becomes, the more impossible he finds it to stop. One of the symptoms of approaching nervous breakdown is the belief that one's work is terribly important, and that to take a holiday would bring all kinds of disaster.
日曜日, 8月 22, 2010
ラッセル:格言・名言(n.018)
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http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA15-030.HTM
Even great sorrows can be survived; troubles which seem as if they must put an end to happiness for life fade with the lapse of time until it becomes almost impossible to remembcr their poignancy. But over and above these self-centred considerations is the fact that one's ego is no very large part of the world. The man who can centre his thoughts and hopes upon something transcending self can find a certain peace in the ordinary troubles of life which is impossible to the pure egoist.
水曜日, 8月 11, 2010
ラッセル格言・名言(n.0017)
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http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA15-020.HTM
It is amazing how much both happiness and efficiency can be increased by the cultivation of an orderly mind, which thinks about a matter adequately at the right time rather than inadequately at all times. When a difficult or worrying decision has to be reached, as soon as all the data are available, give the matter your best thought and make your decision; having made the decision, do not revise it unless some new fact comes to your kuowledge. Nothing is so exhausthg as indecision, and nothing is so futile.
ラッセル格言・名言(n.0016)
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http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA14-070.HTM
Among those who are rich enough to choose their way of life, the particular brand of unendurable boredom from which they sufier is due, paradoxical as this may seem, to their fear of boredom. In flying from the fructifying kind of boredom, they fall a prey to the other far worse kind. A happy life must be to a great extent a quiet life, for it is only in an atmosphere of quiet that true joy can live.
水曜日, 7月 28, 2010
ラッセル格言・名言(n.0015)
http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA14-060.HTM
A boy or young man who has some serious constructive purpose will endure voluntarily a great deal of boredom if he finds that it is necessary by the way. But constructive purposes do not easily form themselves in a boy's mind if he is living a life of distractions and dissipations, for in that case his thoughts will always be directed towards the next pleasure rather than towards the distant achievement.
月曜日, 7月 26, 2010
ラッセル格言・名言(n.0014)
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http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA14-060.HTM
(The capacity to endure a more or less monotonous life is one which should be acquired in childhood. Modern parents are greatly to blame in this respect; they provide their children with far too many passive amusements, such as shows and good things to eat, and they do not realise the importance to a child of having one day like another, except, of course, for somewhat rare occasions.)
日曜日, 7月 25, 2010
備忘録(2010.7.25)
1)加藤節雄『素顔のイギリス』(英友社,1989年)
・加藤氏は早大政経新聞学科卒のカメラマン(本書は写真中心)
2)養老孟司『涼しい脳味噌』(文春文庫よ-14-1,1995年)
3)養老孟司『続・涼しい脳味噌』(文藝春秋,1995年/こちらは単行本)
4)堺屋太一『「わがまま」のすすめ』(東京書籍,2004年)
5)外山滋比古『ことわざのこころ』(チクマ秀版社,1999年)
ラッセル格言・名言(n.0013)
http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA14-050.HTM
(Altogether it will be found that a quiet life is characteristic of great men, and that their pleasures have not been of the sort that would look exciting to the outward eye. No great achievement is possible without persistent work, so absorbing and so difficult that little energy is left over for the more strenuous kinds of amusement, ...)
金曜日, 7月 23, 2010
ラッセル格言・名言(n.0012)
http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA14-040.HTM
A life too full of excitement is an exhausting life, in which continually stronger stimuli are needed to give the thrill that has come to be thought an essential part of pleasure. A person accustomed to too much excitement is like a person with a morbid craving for pepper, who comes last to be unable even to taste a quantity of pepper which would cause anyone else to choke. ... A certain power of enduring boredom is therefore essential to a happy life, and is one of the things that ought to be taught to the young
金曜日, 7月 16, 2010
ラッセル格言・名言(n.011)
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(出典:『ラッセル幸福論』第4章「退屈と興奮」) http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA14-030.HTM
Wars, pogroms, and persecutions have all been part of the flight from boredom; even quarels with neighbours have been found better than nothing. Boredom is therefore a vital problem for the moralist, since at least half the sins of mankind are caused by the fear of it.
木曜日, 7月 15, 2010
ラッセル格言・名言(n.010)
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http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA14-010.HTM
Boredom is essentially a thwarted desire for events, not necessarily pleasant ones, but just occurrences such as will enable the victim of ennui to know one day from another. The opposite of boredom, in a word, is not pleasure, but excitement.
水曜日, 7月 14, 2010
ラッセル格言・名言(n.009)
http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA14-010.HTM
One of the essentials of boredom consists in the contrast between present circumstances and some other more agreeable circumstances which force themselves irresistibly upon the imagination. It is also one of the essentials of boredom that one's faculties must not be fully occupied.
日曜日, 7月 11, 2010
ラッセル格言・名言(n.008)
http://russell.cool.ne.jp/beginner/HA13-060.HTM)
(It is not only work that is poisoned by the philosophy of competition; leisure is poisoned just as much. The kind of leisure which is quiet and restoring to the nerves comes to be felt boring. There is bound to be a continual acceleration of which the natural termination would be drugs and collapse.)
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